# Include the English library file in a Ruby script, and you can

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# reference the global variables such as \VAR{\$\_} using less

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# cryptic names, listed in the following table.% \vref{tab:english}.

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#

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# Without 'English':

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#

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# $\ = ' -- '

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# "waterbuffalo" =~ /buff/

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# print $", $', $$, "\n"

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#

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# With English:

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#

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# require "English"

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#

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# $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR = ' -- '

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# "waterbuffalo" =~ /buff/

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# print $LOADED_FEATURES, $POSTMATCH, $PID, "\n"

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# The exception object passed to +raise+.

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alias $ERROR_INFO $!

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# The stack backtrace generated by the last

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# exception. <tt>See Kernel.caller</tt> for details. Thread local.

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alias $ERROR_POSITION $@

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# The default separator pattern used by <tt>String.split</tt>. May be

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# set from the command line using the <tt>-F</tt> flag.

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alias $FS $;

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# The default separator pattern used by <tt>String.split</tt>. May be

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# set from the command line using the <tt>-F</tt> flag.

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alias $FIELD_SEPARATOR $;

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# The separator string output between the parameters to methods such

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# as <tt>Kernel.print</tt> and <tt>Array.join</tt>. Defaults to +nil+,

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# which adds no text.

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alias $OFS $,

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# The separator string output between the parameters to methods such

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# as <tt>Kernel.print</tt> and <tt>Array.join</tt>. Defaults to +nil+,

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# which adds no text.

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alias $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR $,

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# The input record separator (newline by default). This is the value

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# that routines such as <tt>Kernel.gets</tt> use to determine record

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# boundaries. If set to +nil+, +gets+ will read the entire file.

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alias $RS $/

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# The input record separator (newline by default). This is the value

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# that routines such as <tt>Kernel.gets</tt> use to determine record

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# boundaries. If set to +nil+, +gets+ will read the entire file.

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alias $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR $/

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# The string appended to the output of every call to methods such as

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# <tt>Kernel.print</tt> and <tt>IO.write</tt>. The default value is

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# +nil+.

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alias $ORS $\

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# The string appended to the output of every call to methods such as

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# <tt>Kernel.print</tt> and <tt>IO.write</tt>. The default value is

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# +nil+.

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alias $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR $\

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# The number of the last line read from the current input file.

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alias $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER $.

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# The number of the last line read from the current input file.

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alias $NR $.

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# The last line read by <tt>Kernel.gets</tt> or

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# <tt>Kernel.readline</tt>. Many string-related functions in the

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# +Kernel+ module operate on <tt>$_</tt> by default. The variable is

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# local to the current scope. Thread local.

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alias $LAST_READ_LINE $_

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# The destination of output for <tt>Kernel.print</tt>

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# and <tt>Kernel.printf</tt>. The default value is

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# <tt>$stdout</tt>.

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alias $DEFAULT_OUTPUT $>

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# An object that provides access to the concatenation

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# of the contents of all the files

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# given as command-line arguments, or <tt>$stdin</tt>

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# (in the case where there are no

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# arguments). <tt>$<</tt> supports methods similar to a

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# +File+ object:

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# +inmode+, +close+,

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# <tt>closed?</tt>, +each+,

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# <tt>each_byte</tt>, <tt>each_line</tt>,

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# +eof+, <tt>eof?</tt>, +file+,

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# +filename+, +fileno+,

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# +getc+, +gets+, +lineno+,

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# <tt>lineno=</tt>, +path+,

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# +pos+, <tt>pos=</tt>,

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# +read+, +readchar+,

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# +readline+, +readlines+,

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# +rewind+, +seek+, +skip+,

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# +tell+, <tt>to_a</tt>, <tt>to_i</tt>,

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# <tt>to_io</tt>, <tt>to_s</tt>, along with the

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# methods in +Enumerable+. The method +file+

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# returns a +File+ object for the file currently

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# being read. This may change as <tt>$<</tt> reads

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# through the files on the command line. Read only.

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alias $DEFAULT_INPUT $<

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# The process number of the program being executed. Read only.

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alias $PID $$

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# The process number of the program being executed. Read only.

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alias $PROCESS_ID $$

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# The exit status of the last child process to terminate. Read

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# only. Thread local.

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alias $CHILD_STATUS $?

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# A +MatchData+ object that encapsulates the results of a successful

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# pattern match. The variables <tt>$&</tt>, <tt>$`</tt>, <tt>$'</tt>,

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# and <tt>$1</tt> to <tt>$9</tt> are all derived from

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# <tt>$~</tt>. Assigning to <tt>$~</tt> changes the values of these

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# derived variables. This variable is local to the current

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# scope. Thread local.

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alias $LAST_MATCH_INFO $~

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# If set to any value apart from +nil+ or +false+, all pattern matches

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# will be case insensitive, string comparisons will ignore case, and

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# string hash values will be case insensitive. Deprecated

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alias $IGNORECASE $=

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# An array of strings containing the command-line

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# options from the invocation of the program. Options

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# used by the Ruby interpreter will have been

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# removed. Read only. Also known simply as +ARGV+.

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alias $ARGV $*

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# The string matched by the last successful pattern

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# match. This variable is local to the current

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# scope. Read only. Thread local.

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alias $MATCH $&

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# The string preceding the match in the last

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# successful pattern match. This variable is local to

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# the current scope. Read only. Thread local.

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alias $PREMATCH $`

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# The string following the match in the last

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# successful pattern match. This variable is local to

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# the current scope. Read only. Thread local.

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alias $POSTMATCH $'

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# The contents of the highest-numbered group matched in the last

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# successful pattern match. Thus, in <tt>"cat" =~ /(c|a)(t|z)/</tt>,

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# <tt>$+</tt> will be set to "t". This variable is local to the

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# current scope. Read only. Thread local.

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alias $LAST_PAREN_MATCH $+

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