=begin

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#

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# benchmark.rb - a performance benchmarking library

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#

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# $Id: benchmark.rb 15425 2008-02-10 15:24:56Z naruse $

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#

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# Created by Gotoken (gotoken@notwork.org).

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#

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# Documentation by Gotoken (original RD), Lyle Johnson (RDoc conversion), and

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# Gavin Sinclair (editing).

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#

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=end

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# == Overview

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#

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# The Benchmark module provides methods for benchmarking Ruby code, giving

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# detailed reports on the time taken for each task.

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#

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# The Benchmark module provides methods to measure and report the time

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# used to execute Ruby code.

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#

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# * Measure the time to construct the string given by the expression

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# <tt>"a"*1_000_000</tt>:

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#

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# require 'benchmark'

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#

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# puts Benchmark.measure { "a"*1_000_000 }

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#

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# On my machine (FreeBSD 3.2 on P5, 100MHz) this generates:

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#

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# 1.166667 0.050000 1.216667 ( 0.571355)

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#

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# This report shows the user CPU time, system CPU time, the sum of

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# the user and system CPU times, and the elapsed real time. The unit

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# of time is seconds.

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#

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# * Do some experiments sequentially using the #bm method:

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#

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# require 'benchmark'

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#

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# n = 50000

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# Benchmark.bm do |x|

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# x.report { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end }

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# x.report { n.times do ; a = "1"; end }

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# x.report { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end }

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# end

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#

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# The result:

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#

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# user system total real

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# 1.033333 0.016667 1.016667 ( 0.492106)

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# 1.483333 0.000000 1.483333 ( 0.694605)

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# 1.516667 0.000000 1.516667 ( 0.711077)

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#

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# * Continuing the previous example, put a label in each report:

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#

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# require 'benchmark'

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#

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# n = 50000

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# Benchmark.bm(7) do |x|

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# x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end }

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# x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end }

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# x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end }

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# end

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#

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# The result:

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#

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# user system total real

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# for: 1.050000 0.000000 1.050000 ( 0.503462)

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# times: 1.533333 0.016667 1.550000 ( 0.735473)

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# upto: 1.500000 0.016667 1.516667 ( 0.711239)

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#

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#

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# * The times for some benchmarks depend on the order in which items

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# are run. These differences are due to the cost of memory

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# allocation and garbage collection. To avoid these discrepancies,

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# the #bmbm method is provided. For example, to compare ways to

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# sort an array of floats:

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#

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# require 'benchmark'

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#

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# array = (1..1000000).map { rand }

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#

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# Benchmark.bmbm do |x|

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# x.report("sort!") { array.dup.sort! }

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# x.report("sort") { array.dup.sort }

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# end

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#

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# The result:

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#

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# Rehearsal -----------------------------------------

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# sort! 11.928000 0.010000 11.938000 ( 12.756000)

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# sort 13.048000 0.020000 13.068000 ( 13.857000)

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# ------------------------------- total: 25.006000sec

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#

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# user system total real

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# sort! 12.959000 0.010000 12.969000 ( 13.793000)

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# sort 12.007000 0.000000 12.007000 ( 12.791000)

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#

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#

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# * Report statistics of sequential experiments with unique labels,

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# using the #benchmark method:

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#

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# require 'benchmark'

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#

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# n = 50000

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# Benchmark.benchmark(" "*7 + CAPTION, 7, FMTSTR, ">total:", ">avg:") do |x|

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# tf = x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end }

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# tt = x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end }

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# tu = x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end }

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# [tf+tt+tu, (tf+tt+tu)/3]

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# end

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#

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# The result:

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#

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# user system total real

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# for: 1.016667 0.016667 1.033333 ( 0.485749)

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# times: 1.450000 0.016667 1.466667 ( 0.681367)

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# upto: 1.533333 0.000000 1.533333 ( 0.722166)

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# >total: 4.000000 0.033333 4.033333 ( 1.889282)

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# >avg: 1.333333 0.011111 1.344444 ( 0.629761)

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module Benchmark

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BENCHMARK_VERSION = "2002-04-25" #:nodoc"

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def Benchmark::times() # :nodoc:

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Process::times()

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end

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# Invokes the block with a <tt>Benchmark::Report</tt> object, which

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# may be used to collect and report on the results of individual

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# benchmark tests. Reserves <i>label_width</i> leading spaces for

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# labels on each line. Prints _caption_ at the top of the

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# report, and uses _fmt_ to format each line.

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# If the block returns an array of

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# <tt>Benchmark::Tms</tt> objects, these will be used to format

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# additional lines of output. If _label_ parameters are

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# given, these are used to label these extra lines.

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#

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# _Note_: Other methods provide a simpler interface to this one, and are

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# suitable for nearly all benchmarking requirements. See the examples in

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# Benchmark, and the #bm and #bmbm methods.

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#

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# Example:

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#

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# require 'benchmark'

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# include Benchmark # we need the CAPTION and FMTSTR constants

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#

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# n = 50000

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# Benchmark.benchmark(" "*7 + CAPTION, 7, FMTSTR, ">total:", ">avg:") do |x|

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# tf = x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end }

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# tt = x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end }

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# tu = x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end }

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# [tf+tt+tu, (tf+tt+tu)/3]

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# end

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#

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# <i>Generates:</i>

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#

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# user system total real

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# for: 1.016667 0.016667 1.033333 ( 0.485749)

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# times: 1.450000 0.016667 1.466667 ( 0.681367)

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# upto: 1.533333 0.000000 1.533333 ( 0.722166)

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# >total: 4.000000 0.033333 4.033333 ( 1.889282)

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# >avg: 1.333333 0.011111 1.344444 ( 0.629761)

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#

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def benchmark(caption = "", label_width = nil, fmtstr = nil, *labels) # :yield: report

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sync = STDOUT.sync

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STDOUT.sync = true

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label_width ||= 0

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fmtstr ||= FMTSTR

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raise ArgumentError, "no block" unless iterator?

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print caption

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results = yield(Report.new(label_width, fmtstr))

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Array === results and results.grep(Tms).each {|t|

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print((labels.shift || t.label || "").ljust(label_width),

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t.format(fmtstr))

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}

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STDOUT.sync = sync

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end

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# A simple interface to the #benchmark method, #bm is generates sequential reports

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# with labels. The parameters have the same meaning as for #benchmark.

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#

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# require 'benchmark'

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#

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# n = 50000

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# Benchmark.bm(7) do |x|

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# x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end }

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# x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end }

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# x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end }

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# end

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#

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# <i>Generates:</i>

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#

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# user system total real

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# for: 1.050000 0.000000 1.050000 ( 0.503462)

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# times: 1.533333 0.016667 1.550000 ( 0.735473)

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# upto: 1.500000 0.016667 1.516667 ( 0.711239)

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#

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def bm(label_width = 0, *labels, &blk) # :yield: report

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benchmark(" "*label_width + CAPTION, label_width, FMTSTR, *labels, &blk)

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end

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# Sometimes benchmark results are skewed because code executed

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# earlier encounters different garbage collection overheads than

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# that run later. #bmbm attempts to minimize this effect by running

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# the tests twice, the first time as a rehearsal in order to get the

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# runtime environment stable, the second time for

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# real. <tt>GC.start</tt> is executed before the start of each of

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# the real timings; the cost of this is not included in the

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# timings. In reality, though, there's only so much that #bmbm can

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# do, and the results are not guaranteed to be isolated from garbage

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# collection and other effects.

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#

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# Because #bmbm takes two passes through the tests, it can

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# calculate the required label width.

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#

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# require 'benchmark'

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#

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# array = (1..1000000).map { rand }

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#

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# Benchmark.bmbm do |x|

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# x.report("sort!") { array.dup.sort! }

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# x.report("sort") { array.dup.sort }

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# end

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#

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# <i>Generates:</i>

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#

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# Rehearsal -----------------------------------------

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# sort! 11.928000 0.010000 11.938000 ( 12.756000)

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# sort 13.048000 0.020000 13.068000 ( 13.857000)

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# ------------------------------- total: 25.006000sec

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#

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# user system total real

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# sort! 12.959000 0.010000 12.969000 ( 13.793000)

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# sort 12.007000 0.000000 12.007000 ( 12.791000)

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#

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# #bmbm yields a Benchmark::Job object and returns an array of

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# Benchmark::Tms objects.

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#

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def bmbm(width = 0, &blk) # :yield: job

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job = Job.new(width)

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yield(job)

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width = job.width

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sync = STDOUT.sync

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STDOUT.sync = true

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# rehearsal

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print "Rehearsal "

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puts '-'*(width+CAPTION.length - "Rehearsal ".length)

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list = []

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job.list.each{|label,item|

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print(label.ljust(width))

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res = Benchmark::measure(&item)

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print res.format()

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list.push res

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}

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sum = Tms.new; list.each{|i| sum += i}

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ets = sum.format("total: %tsec")

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printf("%s %s\n\n",

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"-"*(width+CAPTION.length-ets.length-1), ets)

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# take

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print ' '*width, CAPTION

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list = []

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ary = []

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job.list.each{|label,item|

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GC::start

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print label.ljust(width)

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res = Benchmark::measure(&item)

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print res.format()

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ary.push res

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list.push [label, res]

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}

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STDOUT.sync = sync

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ary

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end

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#

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# Returns the time used to execute the given block as a

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# Benchmark::Tms object.

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#

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def measure(label = "") # :yield:

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t0, r0 = Benchmark.times, Time.now

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yield

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t1, r1 = Benchmark.times, Time.now

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Benchmark::Tms.new(t1.utime - t0.utime,

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t1.stime - t0.stime,

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t1.cutime - t0.cutime,

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t1.cstime - t0.cstime,

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r1.to_f - r0.to_f,

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label)

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end

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#

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# Returns the elapsed real time used to execute the given block.

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#

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def realtime(&blk) # :yield:

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r0 = Time.now

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yield

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r1 = Time.now

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r1.to_f - r0.to_f

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end

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#

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# A Job is a sequence of labelled blocks to be processed by the

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# Benchmark.bmbm method. It is of little direct interest to the user.

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#

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class Job # :nodoc:

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#

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# Returns an initialized Job instance.

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# Usually, one doesn't call this method directly, as new

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# Job objects are created by the #bmbm method.

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# _width_ is a initial value for the label offset used in formatting;

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# the #bmbm method passes its _width_ argument to this constructor.

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#

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def initialize(width)

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@width = width

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@list = []

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end

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#

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# Registers the given label and block pair in the job list.

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#

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def item(label = "", &blk) # :yield:

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raise ArgumentError, "no block" unless block_given?

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label += ' '

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w = label.length

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@width = w if @width < w

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@list.push [label, blk]

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self

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end

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alias report item

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# An array of 2-element arrays, consisting of label and block pairs.

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attr_reader :list

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# Length of the widest label in the #list, plus one.

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attr_reader :width

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end

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module_function :benchmark, :measure, :realtime, :bm, :bmbm

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#

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# This class is used by the Benchmark.benchmark and Benchmark.bm methods.

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# It is of little direct interest to the user.

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#

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class Report # :nodoc:

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#

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# Returns an initialized Report instance.

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# Usually, one doesn't call this method directly, as new

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# Report objects are created by the #benchmark and #bm methods.

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# _width_ and _fmtstr_ are the label offset and

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# format string used by Tms#format.

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#

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def initialize(width = 0, fmtstr = nil)

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@width, @fmtstr = width, fmtstr

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end

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#

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# Prints the _label_ and measured time for the block,

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# formatted by _fmt_. See Tms#format for the

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# formatting rules.

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#

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def item(label = "", *fmt, &blk) # :yield:

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print label.ljust(@width)

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res = Benchmark::measure(&blk)

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print res.format(@fmtstr, *fmt)

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res

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end

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alias report item

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end

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#

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# A data object, representing the times associated with a benchmark

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# measurement.

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#

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class Tms

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CAPTION = " user system total real\n"

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FMTSTR = "%10.6u %10.6y %10.6t %10.6r\n"

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# User CPU time

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attr_reader :utime

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# System CPU time

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attr_reader :stime

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# User CPU time of children

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attr_reader :cutime

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# System CPU time of children

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attr_reader :cstime

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# Elapsed real time

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attr_reader :real

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# Total time, that is _utime_ + _stime_ + _cutime_ + _cstime_

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attr_reader :total

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# Label

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attr_reader :label

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#

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# Returns an initialized Tms object which has

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# _u_ as the user CPU time, _s_ as the system CPU time,

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# _cu_ as the children's user CPU time, _cs_ as the children's

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# system CPU time, _real_ as the elapsed real time and _l_

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# as the label.

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#

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def initialize(u = 0.0, s = 0.0, cu = 0.0, cs = 0.0, real = 0.0, l = nil)

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@utime, @stime, @cutime, @cstime, @real, @label = u, s, cu, cs, real, l

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@total = @utime + @stime + @cutime + @cstime

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end

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#

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# Returns a new Tms object whose times are the sum of the times for this

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# Tms object, plus the time required to execute the code block (_blk_).

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#

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def add(&blk) # :yield:

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self + Benchmark::measure(&blk)

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end

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#

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# An in-place version of #add.

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#

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def add!

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t = Benchmark::measure(&blk)

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@utime = utime + t.utime

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@stime = stime + t.stime

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@cutime = cutime + t.cutime

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@cstime = cstime + t.cstime

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@real = real + t.real

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self

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end

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#

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# Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise summation

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# of the individual times for this Tms object with those of the other

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# Tms object.

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# This method and #/() are useful for taking statistics.

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#

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def +(other); memberwise(:+, other) end

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#

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# Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise subtraction

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# of the individual times for the other Tms object from those of this

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# Tms object.

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#

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def -(other); memberwise(:-, other) end

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#

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# Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise multiplication

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# of the individual times for this Tms object by _x_.

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#

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def *(x); memberwise(:*, x) end

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#

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# Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise division

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# of the individual times for this Tms object by _x_.

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# This method and #+() are useful for taking statistics.

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#

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def /(x); memberwise(:/, x) end

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#

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# Returns the contents of this Tms object as

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# a formatted string, according to a format string

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# like that passed to Kernel.format. In addition, #format

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# accepts the following extensions:

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#

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# <tt>%u</tt>:: Replaced by the user CPU time, as reported by Tms#utime.

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# <tt>%y</tt>:: Replaced by the system CPU time, as reported by #stime (Mnemonic: y of "s*y*stem")

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# <tt>%U</tt>:: Replaced by the children's user CPU time, as reported by Tms#cutime

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# <tt>%Y</tt>:: Replaced by the children's system CPU time, as reported by Tms#cstime

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# <tt>%t</tt>:: Replaced by the total CPU time, as reported by Tms#total

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# <tt>%r</tt>:: Replaced by the elapsed real time, as reported by Tms#real

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# <tt>%n</tt>:: Replaced by the label string, as reported by Tms#label (Mnemonic: n of "*n*ame")

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#

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# If _fmtstr_ is not given, FMTSTR is used as default value, detailing the

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# user, system and real elapsed time.

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#

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def format(arg0 = nil, *args)

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fmtstr = (arg0 || FMTSTR).dup

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fmtstr.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d]*)n/){"#{$1}s" % label}

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fmtstr.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d]*)u/){"#{$1}f" % utime}

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