"""Internationalization and localization support.

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This module provides internationalization (I18N) and localization (L10N)

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support for your Python programs by providing an interface to the GNU gettext

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message catalog library.

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I18N refers to the operation by which a program is made aware of multiple

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languages. L10N refers to the adaptation of your program, once

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internationalized, to the local language and cultural habits.

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"""

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# This module represents the integration of work, contributions, feedback, and

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# suggestions from the following people:

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#

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# Martin von Loewis, who wrote the initial implementation of the underlying

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# C-based libintlmodule (later renamed _gettext), along with a skeletal

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# gettext.py implementation.

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#

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# Peter Funk, who wrote fintl.py, a fairly complete wrapper around intlmodule,

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# which also included a pure-Python implementation to read .mo files if

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# intlmodule wasn't available.

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#

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# James Henstridge, who also wrote a gettext.py module, which has some

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# interesting, but currently unsupported experimental features: the notion of

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# a Catalog class and instances, and the ability to add to a catalog file via

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# a Python API.

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#

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# Barry Warsaw integrated these modules, wrote the .install() API and code,

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# and conformed all C and Python code to Python's coding standards.

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#

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# Francois Pinard and Marc-Andre Lemburg also contributed valuably to this

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# module.

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#

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# J. David Ibanez implemented plural forms. Bruno Haible fixed some bugs.

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#

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# TODO:

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# - Lazy loading of .mo files. Currently the entire catalog is loaded into

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# memory, but that's probably bad for large translated programs. Instead,

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# the lexical sort of original strings in GNU .mo files should be exploited

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# to do binary searches and lazy initializations. Or you might want to use

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# the undocumented double-hash algorithm for .mo files with hash tables, but

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# you'll need to study the GNU gettext code to do this.

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#

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# - Support Solaris .mo file formats. Unfortunately, we've been unable to

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# find this format documented anywhere.

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import locale, copy, os, re, struct, sys

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from errno import ENOENT

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__all__ = ['NullTranslations', 'GNUTranslations', 'Catalog',

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'find', 'translation', 'install', 'textdomain', 'bindtextdomain',

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'bind_textdomain_codeset',

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'dgettext', 'dngettext', 'gettext', 'lgettext', 'ldgettext',

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'ldngettext', 'lngettext', 'ngettext',

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]

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_default_localedir = os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'share', 'locale')

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def test(condition, true, false):

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"""

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Implements the C expression:

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condition ? true : false

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Required to correctly interpret plural forms.

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"""

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if condition:

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return true

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else:

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return false

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def c2py(plural):

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"""Gets a C expression as used in PO files for plural forms and returns a

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Python lambda function that implements an equivalent expression.

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"""

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# Security check, allow only the "n" identifier

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try:

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from cStringIO import StringIO

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except ImportError:

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from StringIO import StringIO

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import token, tokenize

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tokens = tokenize.generate_tokens(StringIO(plural).readline)

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try:

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danger = [x for x in tokens if x[0] == token.NAME and x[1] != 'n']

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except tokenize.TokenError:

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raise ValueError, \

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'plural forms expression error, maybe unbalanced parenthesis'

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else:

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if danger:

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raise ValueError, 'plural forms expression could be dangerous'

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# Replace some C operators by their Python equivalents

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plural = plural.replace('&&', ' and ')

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plural = plural.replace('||', ' or ')

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expr = re.compile(r'\!([^=])')

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plural = expr.sub(' not \\1', plural)

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# Regular expression and replacement function used to transform

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# "a?b:c" to "test(a,b,c)".

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expr = re.compile(r'(.*?)\?(.*?):(.*)')

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def repl(x):

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return "test(%s, %s, %s)" % (x.group(1), x.group(2),

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expr.sub(repl, x.group(3)))

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# Code to transform the plural expression, taking care of parentheses

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stack = ['']

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for c in plural:

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if c == '(':

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stack.append('')

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elif c == ')':

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if len(stack) == 1:

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# Actually, we never reach this code, because unbalanced

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# parentheses get caught in the security check at the

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# beginning.

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raise ValueError, 'unbalanced parenthesis in plural form'

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s = expr.sub(repl, stack.pop())

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stack[-1] += '(%s)' % s

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else:

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stack[-1] += c

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plural = expr.sub(repl, stack.pop())

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return eval('lambda n: int(%s)' % plural)

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def _expand_lang(locale):

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from locale import normalize

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locale = normalize(locale)

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COMPONENT_CODESET = 1 << 0

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COMPONENT_TERRITORY = 1 << 1

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COMPONENT_MODIFIER = 1 << 2

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# split up the locale into its base components

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mask = 0

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pos = locale.find('@')

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if pos >= 0:

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modifier = locale[pos:]

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locale = locale[:pos]

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mask |= COMPONENT_MODIFIER

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else:

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modifier = ''

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pos = locale.find('.')

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if pos >= 0:

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codeset = locale[pos:]

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locale = locale[:pos]

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mask |= COMPONENT_CODESET

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else:

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codeset = ''

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pos = locale.find('_')

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if pos >= 0:

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territory = locale[pos:]

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locale = locale[:pos]

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mask |= COMPONENT_TERRITORY

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else:

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territory = ''

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language = locale

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ret = []

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for i in range(mask+1):

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if not (i & ~mask): # if all components for this combo exist ...

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val = language

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if i & COMPONENT_TERRITORY: val += territory

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if i & COMPONENT_CODESET: val += codeset

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if i & COMPONENT_MODIFIER: val += modifier

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ret.append(val)

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ret.reverse()

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return ret

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class NullTranslations:

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def __init__(self, fp=None):

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self._info = {}

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self._charset = None

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self._output_charset = None

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self._fallback = None

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if fp is not None:

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self._parse(fp)

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def _parse(self, fp):

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pass

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def add_fallback(self, fallback):

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if self._fallback:

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self._fallback.add_fallback(fallback)

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else:

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self._fallback = fallback

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def gettext(self, message):

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if self._fallback:

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return self._fallback.gettext(message)

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return message

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def lgettext(self, message):

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if self._fallback:

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return self._fallback.lgettext(message)

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return message

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def ngettext(self, msgid1, msgid2, n):

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if self._fallback:

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return self._fallback.ngettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)

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if n == 1:

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return msgid1

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else:

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return msgid2

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def lngettext(self, msgid1, msgid2, n):

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if self._fallback:

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return self._fallback.lngettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)

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if n == 1:

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return msgid1

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else:

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return msgid2

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def ugettext(self, message):

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if self._fallback:

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return self._fallback.ugettext(message)

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return unicode(message)

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def ungettext(self, msgid1, msgid2, n):

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if self._fallback:

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return self._fallback.ungettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)

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if n == 1:

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return unicode(msgid1)

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else:

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return unicode(msgid2)

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def info(self):

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return self._info

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def charset(self):

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return self._charset

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def output_charset(self):

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return self._output_charset

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def set_output_charset(self, charset):

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self._output_charset = charset

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def install(self, unicode=False, names=None):

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import __builtin__

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__builtin__.__dict__['_'] = unicode and self.ugettext or self.gettext

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if hasattr(names, "__contains__"):

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if "gettext" in names:

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__builtin__.__dict__['gettext'] = __builtin__.__dict__['_']

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if "ngettext" in names:

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__builtin__.__dict__['ngettext'] = (unicode and self.ungettext

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or self.ngettext)

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if "lgettext" in names:

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__builtin__.__dict__['lgettext'] = self.lgettext

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if "lngettext" in names:

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__builtin__.__dict__['lngettext'] = self.lngettext

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class GNUTranslations(NullTranslations):

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# Magic number of .mo files

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LE_MAGIC = 0x950412deL

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BE_MAGIC = 0xde120495L

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def _parse(self, fp):

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"""Override this method to support alternative .mo formats."""

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unpack = struct.unpack

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filename = getattr(fp, 'name', '')

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# Parse the .mo file header, which consists of 5 little endian 32

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# bit words.

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self._catalog = catalog = {}

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self.plural = lambda n: int(n != 1) # germanic plural by default

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buf = fp.read()

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buflen = len(buf)

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# Are we big endian or little endian?

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magic = unpack('<I', buf[:4])[0]

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if magic == self.LE_MAGIC:

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version, msgcount, masteridx, transidx = unpack('<4I', buf[4:20])

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ii = '<II'

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elif magic == self.BE_MAGIC:

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version, msgcount, masteridx, transidx = unpack('>4I', buf[4:20])

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ii = '>II'

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else:

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raise IOError(0, 'Bad magic number', filename)

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# Now put all messages from the .mo file buffer into the catalog

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# dictionary.

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for i in xrange(0, msgcount):

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mlen, moff = unpack(ii, buf[masteridx:masteridx+8])

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mend = moff + mlen

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tlen, toff = unpack(ii, buf[transidx:transidx+8])

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tend = toff + tlen

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if mend < buflen and tend < buflen:

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msg = buf[moff:mend]

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tmsg = buf[toff:tend]

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else:

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raise IOError(0, 'File is corrupt', filename)

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# See if we're looking at GNU .mo conventions for metadata

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if mlen == 0:

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# Catalog description

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lastk = None

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for item in tmsg.splitlines():

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item = item.strip()

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if not item:

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continue

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k = v = None

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if ':' in item:

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k, v = item.split(':', 1)

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k = k.strip().lower()

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v = v.strip()

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self._info[k] = v

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lastk = k

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elif lastk:

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self._info[lastk] += '\n' + item

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if k == 'content-type':

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self._charset = v.split('charset=')[1]

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elif k == 'plural-forms':

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v = v.split(';')

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plural = v[1].split('plural=')[1]

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self.plural = c2py(plural)

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# Note: we unconditionally convert both msgids and msgstrs to

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# Unicode using the character encoding specified in the charset

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# parameter of the Content-Type header. The gettext documentation

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# strongly encourages msgids to be us-ascii, but some applications

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# require alternative encodings (e.g. Zope's ZCML and ZPT). For

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# traditional gettext applications, the msgid conversion will

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# cause no problems since us-ascii should always be a subset of

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# the charset encoding. We may want to fall back to 8-bit msgids

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# if the Unicode conversion fails.

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if '\x00' in msg:

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# Plural forms

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msgid1, msgid2 = msg.split('\x00')

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tmsg = tmsg.split('\x00')

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if self._charset:

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msgid1 = unicode(msgid1, self._charset)

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tmsg = [unicode(x, self._charset) for x in tmsg]

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for i in range(len(tmsg)):

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catalog[(msgid1, i)] = tmsg[i]

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else:

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if self._charset:

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msg = unicode(msg, self._charset)

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tmsg = unicode(tmsg, self._charset)

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catalog[msg] = tmsg

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# advance to next entry in the seek tables

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masteridx += 8

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transidx += 8

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def gettext(self, message):

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missing = object()

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tmsg = self._catalog.get(message, missing)

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if tmsg is missing:

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if self._fallback:

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return self._fallback.gettext(message)

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return message

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# Encode the Unicode tmsg back to an 8-bit string, if possible

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if self._output_charset:

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return tmsg.encode(self._output_charset)

[354] Fix | Delete

elif self._charset:

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return tmsg.encode(self._charset)

[356] Fix | Delete

return tmsg

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[358] Fix | Delete

def lgettext(self, message):

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missing = object()

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tmsg = self._catalog.get(message, missing)

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if tmsg is missing:

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if self._fallback:

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return self._fallback.lgettext(message)

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return message

[365] Fix | Delete

if self._output_charset:

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return tmsg.encode(self._output_charset)

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return tmsg.encode(locale.getpreferredencoding())

[368] Fix | Delete

[369] Fix | Delete

def ngettext(self, msgid1, msgid2, n):

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try:

[371] Fix | Delete

tmsg = self._catalog[(msgid1, self.plural(n))]

[372] Fix | Delete

if self._output_charset:

[373] Fix | Delete

return tmsg.encode(self._output_charset)

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elif self._charset:

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return tmsg.encode(self._charset)

[376] Fix | Delete

return tmsg

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except KeyError:

[378] Fix | Delete

if self._fallback:

[379] Fix | Delete

return self._fallback.ngettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)

[380] Fix | Delete

if n == 1:

[381] Fix | Delete

return msgid1

[382] Fix | Delete

else:

[383] Fix | Delete

return msgid2

[384] Fix | Delete

[385] Fix | Delete

def lngettext(self, msgid1, msgid2, n):

[386] Fix | Delete

try:

[387] Fix | Delete

tmsg = self._catalog[(msgid1, self.plural(n))]

[388] Fix | Delete

if self._output_charset:

[389] Fix | Delete

return tmsg.encode(self._output_charset)

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return tmsg.encode(locale.getpreferredencoding())

[391] Fix | Delete

except KeyError:

[392] Fix | Delete

if self._fallback:

[393] Fix | Delete

return self._fallback.lngettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)

[394] Fix | Delete

if n == 1:

[395] Fix | Delete

return msgid1

[396] Fix | Delete

else:

[397] Fix | Delete

return msgid2

[398] Fix | Delete

[399] Fix | Delete

def ugettext(self, message):

[400] Fix | Delete

missing = object()

[401] Fix | Delete

tmsg = self._catalog.get(message, missing)

[402] Fix | Delete

if tmsg is missing:

[403] Fix | Delete

if self._fallback:

[404] Fix | Delete

return self._fallback.ugettext(message)

[405] Fix | Delete

return unicode(message)

[406] Fix | Delete

return tmsg

[407] Fix | Delete

[408] Fix | Delete

def ungettext(self, msgid1, msgid2, n):

[409] Fix | Delete

try:

[410] Fix | Delete

tmsg = self._catalog[(msgid1, self.plural(n))]

[411] Fix | Delete

except KeyError:

[412] Fix | Delete

if self._fallback:

[413] Fix | Delete

return self._fallback.ungettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)

[414] Fix | Delete

if n == 1:

[415] Fix | Delete

tmsg = unicode(msgid1)

[416] Fix | Delete

else:

[417] Fix | Delete

tmsg = unicode(msgid2)

[418] Fix | Delete

return tmsg

[419] Fix | Delete

[420] Fix | Delete

[421] Fix | Delete

# Locate a .mo file using the gettext strategy

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def find(domain, localedir=None, languages=None, all=0):

[423] Fix | Delete

# Get some reasonable defaults for arguments that were not supplied

[424] Fix | Delete

if localedir is None:

[425] Fix | Delete

localedir = _default_localedir

[426] Fix | Delete

if languages is None:

[427] Fix | Delete

languages = []

[428] Fix | Delete

for envar in ('LANGUAGE', 'LC_ALL', 'LC_MESSAGES', 'LANG'):

[429] Fix | Delete

val = os.environ.get(envar)

[430] Fix | Delete

if val:

[431] Fix | Delete

languages = val.split(':')

[432] Fix | Delete

break

[433] Fix | Delete

if 'C' not in languages:

[434] Fix | Delete

languages.append('C')

[435] Fix | Delete

# now normalize and expand the languages

[436] Fix | Delete

nelangs = []

[437] Fix | Delete

for lang in languages:

[438] Fix | Delete

for nelang in _expand_lang(lang):

[439] Fix | Delete

if nelang not in nelangs:

[440] Fix | Delete

nelangs.append(nelang)

[441] Fix | Delete

# select a language

[442] Fix | Delete

if all:

[443] Fix | Delete

result = []

[444] Fix | Delete

else:

[445] Fix | Delete

result = None

[446] Fix | Delete

for lang in nelangs:

[447] Fix | Delete

if lang == 'C':

[448] Fix | Delete

break

[449] Fix | Delete

mofile = os.path.join(localedir, lang, 'LC_MESSAGES', '%s.mo' % domain)

[450] Fix | Delete

if os.path.exists(mofile):

[451] Fix | Delete

if all:

[452] Fix | Delete

result.append(mofile)

[453] Fix | Delete

else:

[454] Fix | Delete

return mofile

[455] Fix | Delete

return result

[456] Fix | Delete

[457] Fix | Delete

[458] Fix | Delete

[459] Fix | Delete

# a mapping between absolute .mo file path and Translation object

[460] Fix | Delete

_translations = {}

[461] Fix | Delete

[462] Fix | Delete

def translation(domain, localedir=None, languages=None,

[463] Fix | Delete

class_=None, fallback=False, codeset=None):

[464] Fix | Delete

if class_ is None:

[465] Fix | Delete

class_ = GNUTranslations

[466] Fix | Delete

mofiles = find(domain, localedir, languages, all=1)

[467] Fix | Delete

if not mofiles:

[468] Fix | Delete

if fallback:

[469] Fix | Delete

return NullTranslations()

[470] Fix | Delete

raise IOError(ENOENT, 'No translation file found for domain', domain)

[471] Fix | Delete

# Avoid opening, reading, and parsing the .mo file after it's been done

[472] Fix | Delete

# once.

[473] Fix | Delete

result = None

[474] Fix | Delete

for mofile in mofiles:

[475] Fix | Delete

key = (class_, os.path.abspath(mofile))

[476] Fix | Delete

t = _translations.get(key)

[477] Fix | Delete

if t is None:

[478] Fix | Delete

with open(mofile, 'rb') as fp:

[479] Fix | Delete

t = _translations.setdefault(key, class_(fp))

[480] Fix | Delete

# Copy the translation object to allow setting fallbacks and

[481] Fix | Delete

# output charset. All other instance data is shared with the

[482] Fix | Delete

# cached object.

[483] Fix | Delete

t = copy.copy(t)

[484] Fix | Delete

if codeset:

[485] Fix | Delete

t.set_output_charset(codeset)

[486] Fix | Delete

if result is None:

[487] Fix | Delete

result = t

[488] Fix | Delete

else:

[489] Fix | Delete

result.add_fallback(t)

[490] Fix | Delete

return result

[491] Fix | Delete

[492] Fix | Delete

[493] Fix | Delete

def install(domain, localedir=None, unicode=False, codeset=None, names=None):

[494] Fix | Delete

t = translation(domain, localedir, fallback=True, codeset=codeset)

[495] Fix | Delete

t.install(unicode, names)

[496] Fix | Delete

[497] Fix | Delete

[498] Fix | Delete

[499] Fix | Delete