"""Stuff to parse AIFF-C and AIFF files.
Unless explicitly stated otherwise, the description below is true
both for AIFF-C files and AIFF files.
An AIFF-C file has the following structure.
An AIFF file has the string "AIFF" instead of "AIFC".
A chunk consists of an identifier (4 bytes) followed by a size (4 bytes,
big endian order), followed by the data. The size field does not include
the size of the 8 byte header.
The following chunk types are recognized.
<version number of AIFF-C defining document> (AIFF-C only).
<marker ID> (2 bytes, must be > 0)
<marker name> ("pstring")
<# of channels> (2 bytes)
<# of sound frames> (4 bytes)
<size of the samples> (2 bytes)
<sampling frequency> (10 bytes, IEEE 80-bit extended
<compression type> (4 bytes)
<human-readable version of compression type> ("pstring")
<offset> (4 bytes, not used by this program)
<blocksize> (4 bytes, not used by this program)
A pstring consists of 1 byte length, a string of characters, and 0 or 1
byte pad to make the total length even.
where file is either the name of a file or an open file pointer.
The open file pointer must have methods read(), seek(), and close().
In some types of audio files, if the setpos() method is not used,
the seek() method is not necessary.
This returns an instance of a class with the following public methods:
getnchannels() -- returns number of audio channels (1 for
getsampwidth() -- returns sample width in bytes
getframerate() -- returns sampling frequency
getnframes() -- returns number of audio frames
getcomptype() -- returns compression type ('NONE' for AIFF files)
getcompname() -- returns human-readable version of
compression type ('not compressed' for AIFF files)
getparams() -- returns a namedtuple consisting of all of the
getmarkers() -- get the list of marks in the audio file or None
getmark(id) -- get mark with the specified id (raises an error
if the mark does not exist)
readframes(n) -- returns at most n frames of audio
rewind() -- rewind to the beginning of the audio stream
setpos(pos) -- seek to the specified position
tell() -- return the current position
close() -- close the instance (make it unusable)
The position returned by tell(), the position given to setpos() and
the position of marks are all compatible and have nothing to do with
the actual position in the file.
The close() method is called automatically when the class instance
where file is either the name of a file or an open file pointer.
The open file pointer must have methods write(), tell(), seek(), and
This returns an instance of a class with the following public methods:
aiff() -- create an AIFF file (AIFF-C default)
aifc() -- create an AIFF-C file
setnchannels(n) -- set the number of channels
setsampwidth(n) -- set the sample width
setframerate(n) -- set the frame rate
setnframes(n) -- set the number of frames
-- set the compression type and the
human-readable compression type
-- set all parameters at once
-- add specified mark to the list of marks
tell() -- return current position in output file (useful
in combination with setmark())
-- write audio frames without pathing up the
-- write audio frames and patch up the file header
close() -- patch up the file header and close the
You should set the parameters before the first writeframesraw or
writeframes. The total number of frames does not need to be set,
but when it is set to the correct value, the header does not have to
It is best to first set all parameters, perhaps possibly the
compression type, and then write audio frames using writeframesraw.
When all frames have been written, either call writeframes(b'') or
close() to patch up the sizes in the header.
Marks can be added anytime. If there are any marks, you must call
close() after all frames have been written.
The close() method is called automatically when the class instance
When a file is opened with the extension '.aiff', an AIFF file is
written, otherwise an AIFF-C file is written. This default can be
changed by calling aiff() or aifc() before the first writeframes or
__all__ = ["Error", "open", "openfp"]
_AIFC_version = 0xA2805140 # Version 1 of AIFF-C
return struct.unpack('>l', file.read(4))[0]
return struct.unpack('>L', file.read(4))[0]
return struct.unpack('>h', file.read(2))[0]
return struct.unpack('>H', file.read(2))[0]
length = ord(file.read(1))
_HUGE_VAL = 1.79769313486231e+308 # See <limits.h>
def _read_float(f): # 10 bytes
expon = _read_short(f) # 2 bytes
himant = _read_ulong(f) # 4 bytes
lomant = _read_ulong(f) # 4 bytes
if expon == himant == lomant == 0:
f = (himant * 0x100000000 + lomant) * pow(2.0, expon - 63)
f.write(struct.pack('>h', x))
f.write(struct.pack('>H', x))
f.write(struct.pack('>l', x))
f.write(struct.pack('>L', x))
raise ValueError("string exceeds maximum pstring length")
f.write(struct.pack('B', len(s)))
fmant, expon = math.frexp(x)
if expon > 16384 or fmant >= 1 or fmant != fmant: # Infinity or NaN
if expon < 0: # denormalized
fmant = math.ldexp(fmant, expon)
fmant = math.ldexp(fmant, 32)
fsmant = math.floor(fmant)
fmant = math.ldexp(fmant - fsmant, 32)
fsmant = math.floor(fmant)
from collections import namedtuple
_aifc_params = namedtuple('_aifc_params',
'nchannels sampwidth framerate nframes comptype compname')
_aifc_params.nchannels.__doc__ = 'Number of audio channels (1 for mono, 2 for stereo)'
_aifc_params.sampwidth.__doc__ = 'Sample width in bytes'
_aifc_params.framerate.__doc__ = 'Sampling frequency'
_aifc_params.nframes.__doc__ = 'Number of audio frames'
_aifc_params.comptype.__doc__ = 'Compression type ("NONE" for AIFF files)'
_aifc_params.compname.__doc__ = ("""\
A human-readable version of the compression type
('not compressed' for AIFF files)""")
# Variables used in this class:
# These variables are available to the user though appropriate
# _file -- the open file with methods read(), close(), and seek()
# set through the __init__() method
# _nchannels -- the number of audio channels
# available through the getnchannels() method
# _nframes -- the number of audio frames
# available through the getnframes() method
# _sampwidth -- the number of bytes per audio sample
# available through the getsampwidth() method
# _framerate -- the sampling frequency
# available through the getframerate() method
# _comptype -- the AIFF-C compression type ('NONE' if AIFF)
# available through the getcomptype() method
# _compname -- the human-readable AIFF-C compression type
# available through the getcomptype() method
# _markers -- the marks in the audio file
# available through the getmarkers() and getmark()
# _soundpos -- the position in the audio stream
# available through the tell() method, set through the
# These variables are used internally only:
# _version -- the AIFF-C version number
# _decomp -- the decompressor from builtin module cl
# _comm_chunk_read -- 1 iff the COMM chunk has been read
# _aifc -- 1 iff reading an AIFF-C file
# _ssnd_seek_needed -- 1 iff positioned correctly in audio
# _ssnd_chunk -- instantiation of a chunk class for the SSND chunk
# _framesize -- size of one frame in the file
_file = None # Set here since __del__ checks it
if chunk.getname() != b'FORM':
raise Error('file does not start with FORM id')
elif formdata == b'AIFC':
raise Error('not an AIFF or AIFF-C file')
self._comm_chunk_read = 0
self._ssnd_seek_needed = 1
chunk = Chunk(self._file)
chunkname = chunk.getname()
self._read_comm_chunk(chunk)
self._comm_chunk_read = 1
elif chunkname == b'SSND':
self._ssnd_seek_needed = 0
elif chunkname == b'FVER':
self._version = _read_ulong(chunk)
elif chunkname == b'MARK':
if not self._comm_chunk_read or not self._ssnd_chunk:
raise Error('COMM chunk and/or SSND chunk missing')
file_object = builtins.open(f, 'rb')
# assume it is an open file object already
def __exit__(self, *args):
self._ssnd_seek_needed = 1
return _aifc_params(self.getnchannels(), self.getsampwidth(),
self.getframerate(), self.getnframes(),
self.getcomptype(), self.getcompname())
if len(self._markers) == 0:
for marker in self._markers:
raise Error('marker {0!r} does not exist'.format(id))
if pos < 0 or pos > self._nframes:
raise Error('position not in range')
self._ssnd_seek_needed = 1
def readframes(self, nframes):
if self._ssnd_seek_needed:
dummy = self._ssnd_chunk.read(8)
pos = self._soundpos * self._framesize
self._ssnd_chunk.seek(pos + 8)
self._ssnd_seek_needed = 0
data = self._ssnd_chunk.read(nframes * self._framesize)
if self._convert and data:
data = self._convert(data)
self._soundpos = self._soundpos + len(data) // (self._nchannels
def _alaw2lin(self, data):
return audioop.alaw2lin(data, 2)
def _ulaw2lin(self, data):
return audioop.ulaw2lin(data, 2)
def _adpcm2lin(self, data):
if not hasattr(self, '_adpcmstate'):
data, self._adpcmstate = audioop.adpcm2lin(data, 2, self._adpcmstate)
def _read_comm_chunk(self, chunk):
self._nchannels = _read_short(chunk)
self._nframes = _read_long(chunk)
self._sampwidth = (_read_short(chunk) + 7) // 8
self._framerate = int(_read_float(chunk))
self._framesize = self._nchannels * self._sampwidth
#DEBUG: SGI's soundeditor produces a bad size :-(
if chunk.chunksize == 18:
warnings.warn('Warning: bad COMM chunk size')
self._comptype = chunk.read(4)
length = ord(chunk.file.read(1))
chunk.chunksize = chunk.chunksize + length
self._compname = _read_string(chunk)
if self._comptype != b'NONE':
if self._comptype == b'G722':
self._convert = self._adpcm2lin
elif self._comptype in (b'ulaw', b'ULAW'):
self._convert = self._ulaw2lin
elif self._comptype in (b'alaw', b'ALAW'):
self._convert = self._alaw2lin
raise Error('unsupported compression type')
It is recommended that you Edit text format, this type of Fix handles quite a lot in one request
