__all__ = ['ZipAppError', 'create_archive', 'get_interpreter']
# The __main__.py used if the users specifies "-m module:fn".
# Note that this will always be written as UTF-8 (module and
# function names can be non-ASCII in Python 3).
# We add a coding cookie even though UTF-8 is the default in Python 3
# because the resulting archive may be intended to be run under Python 2.
# The Windows launcher defaults to UTF-8 when parsing shebang lines if the
# file has no BOM. So use UTF-8 on Windows.
# On Unix, use the filesystem encoding.
if sys.platform.startswith('win'):
shebang_encoding = 'utf-8'
shebang_encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
class ZipAppError(ValueError):
@contextlib.contextmanager
def _maybe_open(archive, mode):
if isinstance(archive, pathlib.Path):
if isinstance(archive, str):
with open(archive, mode) as f:
def _write_file_prefix(f, interpreter):
"""Write a shebang line."""
shebang = b'#!' + interpreter.encode(shebang_encoding) + b'\n'
def _copy_archive(archive, new_archive, interpreter=None):
"""Copy an application archive, modifying the shebang line."""
with _maybe_open(archive, 'rb') as src:
# Skip the shebang line from the source.
# Read 2 bytes of the source and check if they are #!.
# Discard the initial 2 bytes and the rest of the shebang line.
with _maybe_open(new_archive, 'wb') as dst:
_write_file_prefix(dst, interpreter)
# If there was no shebang, "first_2" contains the first 2 bytes
# of the source file, so write them before copying the rest
shutil.copyfileobj(src, dst)
if interpreter and isinstance(new_archive, str):
os.chmod(new_archive, os.stat(new_archive).st_mode | stat.S_IEXEC)
def create_archive(source, target=None, interpreter=None, main=None):
"""Create an application archive from SOURCE.
The SOURCE can be the name of a directory, or a filename or a file-like
object referring to an existing archive.
The content of SOURCE is packed into an application archive in TARGET,
which can be a filename or a file-like object. If SOURCE is a directory,
TARGET can be omitted and will default to the name of SOURCE with .pyz
The created application archive will have a shebang line specifying
that it should run with INTERPRETER (there will be no shebang line if
INTERPRETER is None), and a __main__.py which runs MAIN (if MAIN is
not specified, an existing __main__.py will be used). It is an error
to specify MAIN for anything other than a directory source with no
__main__.py, and it is an error to omit MAIN if the directory has no
# Are we copying an existing archive?
if hasattr(source, 'read') and hasattr(source, 'readline'):
source = pathlib.Path(source)
_copy_archive(source, target, interpreter)
# We are creating a new archive from a directory.
raise ZipAppError("Source does not exist")
has_main = (source / '__main__.py').is_file()
"Cannot specify entry point if the source has __main__.py")
if not (main or has_main):
raise ZipAppError("Archive has no entry point")
# Check that main has the right format.
mod, sep, fn = main.partition(':')
mod_ok = all(part.isidentifier() for part in mod.split('.'))
fn_ok = all(part.isidentifier() for part in fn.split('.'))
if not (sep == ':' and mod_ok and fn_ok):
raise ZipAppError("Invalid entry point: " + main)
main_py = MAIN_TEMPLATE.format(module=mod, fn=fn)
target = source.with_suffix('.pyz')
elif not hasattr(target, 'write'):
target = pathlib.Path(target)
with _maybe_open(target, 'wb') as fd:
_write_file_prefix(fd, interpreter)
with zipfile.ZipFile(fd, 'w') as z:
root = pathlib.Path(source)
for child in root.rglob('*'):
arcname = str(child.relative_to(root))
z.write(str(child), arcname)
z.writestr('__main__.py', main_py.encode('utf-8'))
if interpreter and not hasattr(target, 'write'):
target.chmod(target.stat().st_mode | stat.S_IEXEC)
def get_interpreter(archive):
with _maybe_open(archive, 'rb') as f:
return f.readline().strip().decode(shebang_encoding)
"""Run the zipapp command line interface.
The ARGS parameter lets you specify the argument list directly.
Omitting ARGS (or setting it to None) works as for argparse, using
sys.argv[1:] as the argument list.
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--output', '-o', default=None,
help="The name of the output archive. "
"Required if SOURCE is an archive.")
parser.add_argument('--python', '-p', default=None,
help="The name of the Python interpreter to use "
"(default: no shebang line).")
parser.add_argument('--main', '-m', default=None,
help="The main function of the application "
"(default: use an existing __main__.py).")
parser.add_argument('--info', default=False, action='store_true',
help="Display the interpreter from the archive.")
parser.add_argument('source',
help="Source directory (or existing archive).")
args = parser.parse_args(args)
# Handle `python -m zipapp archive.pyz --info`.
if not os.path.isfile(args.source):
raise SystemExit("Can only get info for an archive file")
interpreter = get_interpreter(args.source)
print("Interpreter: {}".format(interpreter or "<none>"))
if os.path.isfile(args.source):
if args.output is None or (os.path.exists(args.output) and
os.path.samefile(args.source, args.output)):
raise SystemExit("In-place editing of archives is not supported")
raise SystemExit("Cannot change the main function when copying")
create_archive(args.source, args.output,
interpreter=args.python, main=args.main)
if __name__ == '__main__':
It is recommended that you Edit text format, this type of Fix handles quite a lot in one request
