"""Parser for command line options.
This module helps scripts to parse the command line arguments in
sys.argv. It supports the same conventions as the Unix getopt()
function (including the special meanings of arguments of the form `-'
and `--'). Long options similar to those supported by GNU software
may be used as well via an optional third argument. This module
provides two functions and an exception:
getopt() -- Parse command line options
gnu_getopt() -- Like getopt(), but allow option and non-option arguments
GetoptError -- exception (class) raised with 'opt' attribute, which is the
option involved with the exception.
# Long option support added by Lars Wirzenius <liw@iki.fi>.
# Gerrit Holl <gerrit@nl.linux.org> moved the string-based exceptions
# to class-based exceptions.
# Peter Astrand <astrand@lysator.liu.se> added gnu_getopt().
# - GNU getopt_long_only mechanism
# - allow the caller to specify ordering
# - RETURN_IN_ORDER option
# - GNU extension with '-' as first character of option string
# - optional arguments, specified by double colons
# - an option string with a W followed by semicolon should
# treat "-W foo" as "--foo"
__all__ = ["GetoptError","error","getopt","gnu_getopt"]
class GetoptError(Exception):
def __init__(self, msg, opt=''):
Exception.__init__(self, msg, opt)
error = GetoptError # backward compatibility
def getopt(args, shortopts, longopts = []):
"""getopt(args, options[, long_options]) -> opts, args
Parses command line options and parameter list. args is the
argument list to be parsed, without the leading reference to the
running program. Typically, this means "sys.argv[1:]". shortopts
is the string of option letters that the script wants to
recognize, with options that require an argument followed by a
colon (i.e., the same format that Unix getopt() uses). If
specified, longopts is a list of strings with the names of the
long options which should be supported. The leading '--'
characters should not be included in the option name. Options
which require an argument should be followed by an equal sign
The return value consists of two elements: the first is a list of
(option, value) pairs; the second is the list of program arguments
left after the option list was stripped (this is a trailing slice
of the first argument). Each option-and-value pair returned has
the option as its first element, prefixed with a hyphen (e.g.,
'-x'), and the option argument as its second element, or an empty
string if the option has no argument. The options occur in the
list in the same order in which they were found, thus allowing
multiple occurrences. Long and short options may be mixed.
if type(longopts) == type(""):
longopts = list(longopts)
while args and args[0].startswith('-') and args[0] != '-':
if args[0].startswith('--'):
opts, args = do_longs(opts, args[0][2:], longopts, args[1:])
opts, args = do_shorts(opts, args[0][1:], shortopts, args[1:])
def gnu_getopt(args, shortopts, longopts = []):
"""getopt(args, options[, long_options]) -> opts, args
This function works like getopt(), except that GNU style scanning
mode is used by default. This means that option and non-option
arguments may be intermixed. The getopt() function stops
processing options as soon as a non-option argument is
If the first character of the option string is `+', or if the
environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT is set, then option
processing stops as soon as a non-option argument is encountered.
if isinstance(longopts, str):
longopts = list(longopts)
# Allow options after non-option arguments?
if shortopts.startswith('+'):
shortopts = shortopts[1:]
elif os.environ.get("POSIXLY_CORRECT"):
all_options_first = False
opts, args = do_longs(opts, args[0][2:], longopts, args[1:])
elif args[0][:1] == '-' and args[0] != '-':
opts, args = do_shorts(opts, args[0][1:], shortopts, args[1:])
prog_args.append(args[0])
def do_longs(opts, opt, longopts, args):
opt, optarg = opt[:i], opt[i+1:]
has_arg, opt = long_has_args(opt, longopts)
raise GetoptError('option --%s requires argument' % opt, opt)
optarg, args = args[0], args[1:]
raise GetoptError('option --%s must not have an argument' % opt, opt)
opts.append(('--' + opt, optarg or ''))
def long_has_args(opt, longopts):
possibilities = [o for o in longopts if o.startswith(opt)]
raise GetoptError('option --%s not recognized' % opt, opt)
# Is there an exact match?
elif opt + '=' in possibilities:
# No exact match, so better be unique.
if len(possibilities) > 1:
# XXX since possibilities contains all valid continuations, might be
# nice to work them into the error msg
raise GetoptError('option --%s not a unique prefix' % opt, opt)
assert len(possibilities) == 1
unique_match = possibilities[0]
has_arg = unique_match.endswith('=')
unique_match = unique_match[:-1]
return has_arg, unique_match
def do_shorts(opts, optstring, shortopts, args):
opt, optstring = optstring[0], optstring[1:]
if short_has_arg(opt, shortopts):
raise GetoptError('option -%s requires argument' % opt,
optstring, args = args[0], args[1:]
optarg, optstring = optstring, ''
opts.append(('-' + opt, optarg))
def short_has_arg(opt, shortopts):
for i in range(len(shortopts)):
if opt == shortopts[i] != ':':
return shortopts.startswith(':', i+1)
raise GetoptError('option -%s not recognized' % opt, opt)
if __name__ == '__main__':
print getopt(sys.argv[1:], "a:b", ["alpha=", "beta"])
It is recommended that you Edit text format, this type of Fix handles quite a lot in one request
