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A. HISTORY OF THE SOFTWARE

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==========================

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Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting

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Mathematisch Centrum (CWI, see http://www.cwi.nl) in the Netherlands

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as a successor of a language called ABC. Guido remains Python's

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principal author, although it includes many contributions from others.

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In 1995, Guido continued his work on Python at the Corporation for

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National Research Initiatives (CNRI, see http://www.cnri.reston.va.us)

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in Reston, Virginia where he released several versions of the

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software.

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In May 2000, Guido and the Python core development team moved to

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BeOpen.com to form the BeOpen PythonLabs team. In October of the same

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year, the PythonLabs team moved to Digital Creations, which became

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Zope Corporation. In 2001, the Python Software Foundation (PSF, see

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https://www.python.org/psf/) was formed, a non-profit organization

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created specifically to own Python-related Intellectual Property.

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Zope Corporation was a sponsoring member of the PSF.

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All Python releases are Open Source (see http://www.opensource.org for

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the Open Source Definition). Historically, most, but not all, Python

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releases have also been GPL-compatible; the table below summarizes

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the various releases.

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Release Derived Year Owner GPL-

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from compatible? (1)

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0.9.0 thru 1.2 1991-1995 CWI yes

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1.3 thru 1.5.2 1.2 1995-1999 CNRI yes

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1.6 1.5.2 2000 CNRI no

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2.0 1.6 2000 BeOpen.com no

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1.6.1 1.6 2001 CNRI yes (2)

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2.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF no

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2.0.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF yes

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2.1.1 2.1+2.0.1 2001 PSF yes

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2.1.2 2.1.1 2002 PSF yes

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2.1.3 2.1.2 2002 PSF yes

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2.2 and above 2.1.1 2001-now PSF yes

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Footnotes:

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(1) GPL-compatible doesn't mean that we're distributing Python under

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the GPL. All Python licenses, unlike the GPL, let you distribute

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a modified version without making your changes open source. The

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GPL-compatible licenses make it possible to combine Python with

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other software that is released under the GPL; the others don't.

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(2) According to Richard Stallman, 1.6.1 is not GPL-compatible,

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because its license has a choice of law clause. According to

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CNRI, however, Stallman's lawyer has told CNRI's lawyer that 1.6.1

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is "not incompatible" with the GPL.

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Thanks to the many outside volunteers who have worked under Guido's

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direction to make these releases possible.

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B. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR ACCESSING OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON

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===============================================================

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Python software and documentation are licensed under the

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Python Software Foundation License Version 2.

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Starting with Python 3.8.6, examples, recipes, and other code in

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the documentation are dual licensed under the PSF License Version 2

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and the Zero-Clause BSD license.

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Some software incorporated into Python is under different licenses.

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The licenses are listed with code falling under that license.

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PYTHON SOFTWARE FOUNDATION LICENSE VERSION 2

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--------------------------------------------

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1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation

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("PSF"), and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and

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otherwise using this software ("Python") in source or binary form and

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its associated documentation.

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2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF hereby

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grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce,

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analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works,

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distribute, and otherwise use Python alone or in any derivative version,

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provided, however, that PSF's License Agreement and PSF's notice of copyright,

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2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 Python Software Foundation;

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prepared by Licensee.

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3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on

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or incorporates Python or any part thereof, and wants to make

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the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then

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Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of

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the changes made to Python.

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4. PSF is making Python available to Licensee on an "AS IS"

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basis. PSF MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR

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IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PSF MAKES NO AND

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DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS

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FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON WILL NOT

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INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.

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5. PSF SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON

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FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS

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A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON,

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OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.

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6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material

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breach of its terms and conditions.

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7. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any

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relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture between PSF and

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Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant permission to use PSF

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trademarks or trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote

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products or services of Licensee, or any third party.

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8. By copying, installing or otherwise using Python, Licensee

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agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License

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Agreement.

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BEOPEN.COM LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.0

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-------------------------------------------

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BEOPEN PYTHON OPEN SOURCE LICENSE AGREEMENT VERSION 1

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1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between BeOpen.com ("BeOpen"), having an

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office at 160 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95051, and the

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Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using

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this software in source or binary form and its associated

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documentation ("the Software").

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2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this BeOpen Python License

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Agreement, BeOpen hereby grants Licensee a non-exclusive,

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royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform

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and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and

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otherwise use the Software alone or in any derivative version,

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provided, however, that the BeOpen Python License is retained in the

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Software, alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee.

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3. BeOpen is making the Software available to Licensee on an "AS IS"

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basis. BEOPEN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR

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IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, BEOPEN MAKES NO AND

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DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS

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FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE WILL NOT

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INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.

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4. BEOPEN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF THE

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SOFTWARE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS

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AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE, OR ANY

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DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.

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5. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material

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breach of its terms and conditions.

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6. This License Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in all

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respects by the law of the State of California, excluding conflict of

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law provisions. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to

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create any relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture

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between BeOpen and Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant

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permission to use BeOpen trademarks or trade names in a trademark

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sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any

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third party. As an exception, the "BeOpen Python" logos available at

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http://www.pythonlabs.com/logos.html may be used according to the

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permissions granted on that web page.

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7. By copying, installing or otherwise using the software, Licensee

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agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License

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Agreement.

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CNRI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 1.6.1

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---------------------------------------

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1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for National

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Research Initiatives, having an office at 1895 Preston White Drive,

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Reston, VA 20191 ("CNRI"), and the Individual or Organization

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("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software in

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source or binary form and its associated documentation.

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2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRI

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hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide

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license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly,

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prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1

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alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that CNRI's

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License Agreement and CNRI's notice of copyright, i.e., "Copyright (c)

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1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives; All Rights

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Reserved" are retained in Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative

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version prepared by Licensee. Alternately, in lieu of CNRI's License

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Agreement, Licensee may substitute the following text (omitting the

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quotes): "Python 1.6.1 is made available subject to the terms and

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conditions in CNRI's License Agreement. This Agreement together with

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Python 1.6.1 may be located on the Internet using the following

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unique, persistent identifier (known as a handle): 1895.22/1013. This

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Agreement may also be obtained from a proxy server on the Internet

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using the following URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013".

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3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on

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or incorporates Python 1.6.1 or any part thereof, and wants to make

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the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then

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Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of

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the changes made to Python 1.6.1.

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4. CNRI is making Python 1.6.1 available to Licensee on an "AS IS"

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basis. CNRI MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR

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IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, CNRI MAKES NO AND

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DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS

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FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON 1.6.1 WILL NOT

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INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.

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5. CNRI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON

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1.6.1 FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS

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A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6.1,

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OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.

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6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material

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breach of its terms and conditions.

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7. This License Agreement shall be governed by the federal

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intellectual property law of the United States, including without

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limitation the federal copyright law, and, to the extent such

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U.S. federal law does not apply, by the law of the Commonwealth of

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Virginia, excluding Virginia's conflict of law provisions.

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Notwithstanding the foregoing, with regard to derivative works based

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on Python 1.6.1 that incorporate non-separable material that was

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previously distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL), the

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law of the Commonwealth of Virginia shall govern this License

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Agreement only as to issues arising under or with respect to

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Paragraphs 4, 5, and 7 of this License Agreement. Nothing in this

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License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of

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agency, partnership, or joint venture between CNRI and Licensee. This

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License Agreement does not grant permission to use CNRI trademarks or

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trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote products or

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services of Licensee, or any third party.

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8. By clicking on the "ACCEPT" button where indicated, or by copying,

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installing or otherwise using Python 1.6.1, Licensee agrees to be

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bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement.

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CWI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 0.9.0 THROUGH 1.2

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--------------------------------------------------

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Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its

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documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,

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provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that

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both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in

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supporting documentation, and that the name of Stichting Mathematisch

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Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to

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distribution of the software without specific, written prior

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permission.

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STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO

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THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND

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FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE

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FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES

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WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN

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ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT

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OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

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ZERO-CLAUSE BSD LICENSE FOR CODE IN THE PYTHON DOCUMENTATION

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----------------------------------------------------------------------

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Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any

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purpose with or without fee is hereby granted.

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THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH

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REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY

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AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,

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INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM

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LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR

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OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR

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PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

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