# -*- coding: us-ascii -*-
# == Secure random number generator interface.
# This library is an interface for secure random number generator which is
# suitable for generating session key in HTTP cookies, etc.
# You can use this library in your application by requiring it:
# It supports following secure random number generators.
# p SecureRandom.hex(10) #=> "52750b30ffbc7de3b362"
# p SecureRandom.hex(10) #=> "92b15d6c8dc4beb5f559"
# p SecureRandom.hex(13) #=> "39b290146bea6ce975c37cfc23"
# p SecureRandom.base64(10) #=> "EcmTPZwWRAozdA=="
# p SecureRandom.base64(10) #=> "KO1nIU+p9DKxGg=="
# p SecureRandom.base64(12) #=> "7kJSM/MzBJI+75j8"
# p SecureRandom.random_bytes(10) #=> "\016\t{\370g\310pbr\301"
# p SecureRandom.random_bytes(10) #=> "\323U\030TO\234\357\020\a\337"
if /mswin|mingw/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM
module AdvApi32 # :nodoc:
extern "int CryptAcquireContext(void*, void*, void*, unsigned long, unsigned long)"
extern "int CryptGenRandom(void*, unsigned long, void*)"
hProvStr = " " * Fiddle::SIZEOF_VOIDP
crypt_verifycontext = 0xF0000000
if CryptAcquireContext(hProvStr, nil, nil, prov_rsa_full, crypt_verifycontext) == 0
raise SystemCallError, "CryptAcquireContext failed: #{lastWin32ErrorMessage}"
type = Fiddle::SIZEOF_VOIDP == Fiddle::SIZEOF_LONG_LONG ? 'q' : 'l'
hProv, = hProvStr.unpack(type)
bytes = " ".force_encoding("ASCII-8BIT") * n
if CryptGenRandom(@hProv, bytes.size, bytes) == 0
raise SystemCallError, "CryptGenRandom failed: #{Kernel32.last_error_message}"
module Kernel32 # :nodoc:
extern "unsigned long GetLastError()"
extern "unsigned long FormatMessageA(unsigned long, void*, unsigned long, unsigned long, void*, unsigned long, void*)"
# Following code is based on David Garamond's GUID library for Ruby.
def self.last_error_message
format_message_ignore_inserts = 0x00000200
format_message_from_system = 0x00001000
len = FormatMessageA(format_message_ignore_inserts + format_message_from_system, 0, code, 0, msg, 1024, nil)
msg[0, len].force_encoding("filesystem").tr("\r", '').chomp
# SecureRandom.random_bytes generates a random binary string.
# The argument _n_ specifies the length of the result string.
# If _n_ is not specified or is nil, 16 is assumed.
# It may be larger in future.
# The result may contain any byte: "\x00" - "\xff".
# p SecureRandom.random_bytes #=> "\xD8\\\xE0\xF4\r\xB2\xFC*WM\xFF\x83\x18\xF45\xB6"
# p SecureRandom.random_bytes #=> "m\xDC\xFC/\a\x00Uf\xB2\xB2P\xBD\xFF6S\x97"
# If secure random number generator is not available,
# NotImplementedError is raised.
def self.random_bytes(n=nil)
if defined?(OpenSSL::Random) && !defined?(AdvApi32)
@pid = 0 unless defined?(@pid)
now = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_REALTIME, :nanosecond)
OpenSSL::Random.random_add(ary.join("").to_s, 0.0)
return OpenSSL::Random.random_bytes(n)
return AdvApi32.gen_random(n)
def self.lastWin32ErrorMessage # :nodoc:
return Kernel32.last_error_message
flags |= File::NONBLOCK if defined? File::NONBLOCK
flags |= File::NOCTTY if defined? File::NOCTTY
File.open("/dev/urandom", flags) {|f|
raise NotImplementedError, "Unexpected partial read from random device: only #{ret.length} for #{n} bytes"
raise NotImplementedError, "No random device"
# SecureRandom.hex generates a random hexadecimal string.
# The argument _n_ specifies the length, in bytes, of the random number to be generated.
# The length of the resulting hexadecimal string is twice _n_.
# If _n_ is not specified or is nil, 16 is assumed.
# It may be larger in future.
# The result may contain 0-9 and a-f.
# p SecureRandom.hex #=> "eb693ec8252cd630102fd0d0fb7c3485"
# p SecureRandom.hex #=> "91dc3bfb4de5b11d029d376634589b61"
# If secure random number generator is not available,
# NotImplementedError is raised.
random_bytes(n).unpack("H*")[0]
# SecureRandom.base64 generates a random base64 string.
# The argument _n_ specifies the length, in bytes, of the random number
# to be generated. The length of the result string is about 4/3 of _n_.
# If _n_ is not specified or is nil, 16 is assumed.
# It may be larger in future.
# The result may contain A-Z, a-z, 0-9, "+", "/" and "=".
# p SecureRandom.base64 #=> "/2BuBuLf3+WfSKyQbRcc/A=="
# p SecureRandom.base64 #=> "6BbW0pxO0YENxn38HMUbcQ=="
# If secure random number generator is not available,
# NotImplementedError is raised.
# See RFC 3548 for the definition of base64.
[random_bytes(n)].pack("m*").delete("\n")
# SecureRandom.urlsafe_base64 generates a random URL-safe base64 string.
# The argument _n_ specifies the length, in bytes, of the random number
# to be generated. The length of the result string is about 4/3 of _n_.
# If _n_ is not specified or is nil, 16 is assumed.
# It may be larger in future.
# The boolean argument _padding_ specifies the padding.
# If it is false or nil, padding is not generated.
# Otherwise padding is generated.
# By default, padding is not generated because "=" may be used as a URL delimiter.
# The result may contain A-Z, a-z, 0-9, "-" and "_".
# "=" is also used if _padding_ is true.
# p SecureRandom.urlsafe_base64 #=> "b4GOKm4pOYU_-BOXcrUGDg"
# p SecureRandom.urlsafe_base64 #=> "UZLdOkzop70Ddx-IJR0ABg"
# p SecureRandom.urlsafe_base64(nil, true) #=> "i0XQ-7gglIsHGV2_BNPrdQ=="
# p SecureRandom.urlsafe_base64(nil, true) #=> "-M8rLhr7JEpJlqFGUMmOxg=="
# If secure random number generator is not available,
# NotImplementedError is raised.
# See RFC 3548 for the definition of URL-safe base64.
def self.urlsafe_base64(n=nil, padding=false)
s = [random_bytes(n)].pack("m*")
s.delete!("=") unless padding
# SecureRandom.random_number generates a random number.
# If a positive integer is given as _n_,
# SecureRandom.random_number returns an integer:
# 0 <= SecureRandom.random_number(n) < n.
# p SecureRandom.random_number(100) #=> 15
# p SecureRandom.random_number(100) #=> 88
# If 0 is given or an argument is not given,
# SecureRandom.random_number returns a float:
# 0.0 <= SecureRandom.random_number() < 1.0.
# p SecureRandom.random_number #=> 0.596506046187744
# p SecureRandom.random_number #=> 0.350621695741409
def self.random_number(n=0)
OpenSSL::BN.rand_range(n).to_i
hex = '0' + hex if (hex.length & 1) == 1
rnd = SecureRandom.random_bytes(bin.length)
rnd[0] = (rnd[0].ord & mask).chr
# assumption: Float::MANT_DIG <= 64
i64 = OpenSSL::BN.rand(64, -1).to_i
i64 = SecureRandom.random_bytes(8).unpack("Q")[0]
Math.ldexp(i64 >> (64-Float::MANT_DIG), -Float::MANT_DIG)
# SecureRandom.uuid generates a v4 random UUID (Universally Unique IDentifier).
# p SecureRandom.uuid #=> "2d931510-d99f-494a-8c67-87feb05e1594"
# p SecureRandom.uuid #=> "bad85eb9-0713-4da7-8d36-07a8e4b00eab"
# p SecureRandom.uuid #=> "62936e70-1815-439b-bf89-8492855a7e6b"
# The version 4 UUID is purely random (except the version).
# It doesn't contain meaningful information such as MAC address, time, etc.
# See RFC 4122 for details of UUID.
ary = self.random_bytes(16).unpack("NnnnnN")
ary[2] = (ary[2] & 0x0fff) | 0x4000
ary[3] = (ary[3] & 0x3fff) | 0x8000
"%08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%04x%08x" % ary
It is recommended that you Edit text format, this type of Fix handles quite a lot in one request
