class Requests_Transport_cURL implements Requests_Transport {
const CURL_7_10_5 = 0x070A05;
const CURL_7_16_2 = 0x071002;
public $response_data = '';
* Information on the current request
* @var array cURL information array, see {@see https://secure.php.net/curl_getinfo}
* Hook dispatcher instance
* Have we finished the headers yet?
protected $done_headers = false;
* If streaming to a file, keep the file pointer
protected $stream_handle;
* How many bytes are in the response body?
protected $response_bytes;
* What's the maximum number of bytes we should keep?
* @var int|bool Byte count, or false if no limit.
protected $response_byte_limit;
public function __construct() {
$this->version = $curl['version_number'];
$this->handle = curl_init();
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_HEADER, false);
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
if ($this->version >= self::CURL_7_10_5) {
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_ENCODING, '');
if (defined('CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS')) {
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS, CURLPROTO_HTTP | CURLPROTO_HTTPS);
if (defined('CURLOPT_REDIR_PROTOCOLS')) {
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_REDIR_PROTOCOLS, CURLPROTO_HTTP | CURLPROTO_HTTPS);
public function __destruct() {
if (is_resource($this->handle)) {
curl_close($this->handle);
* @throws Requests_Exception On a cURL error (`curlerror`)
* @param string $url URL to request
* @param array $headers Associative array of request headers
* @param string|array $data Data to send either as the POST body, or as parameters in the URL for a GET/HEAD
* @param array $options Request options, see {@see Requests::response()} for documentation
* @return string Raw HTTP result
public function request($url, $headers = array(), $data = array(), $options = array()) {
$this->hooks = $options['hooks'];
$this->setup_handle($url, $headers, $data, $options);
$options['hooks']->dispatch('curl.before_send', array(&$this->handle));
if ($options['filename'] !== false) {
$this->stream_handle = fopen($options['filename'], 'wb');
$this->response_data = '';
$this->response_bytes = 0;
$this->response_byte_limit = false;
if ($options['max_bytes'] !== false) {
$this->response_byte_limit = $options['max_bytes'];
if (isset($options['verify'])) {
if ($options['verify'] === false) {
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0);
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0);
elseif (is_string($options['verify'])) {
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_CAINFO, $options['verify']);
if (isset($options['verifyname']) && $options['verifyname'] === false) {
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0);
curl_exec($this->handle);
$response = $this->response_data;
$options['hooks']->dispatch('curl.after_send', array());
if (curl_errno($this->handle) === 23 || curl_errno($this->handle) === 61) {
// Reset encoding and try again
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_ENCODING, 'none');
$this->response_data = '';
$this->response_bytes = 0;
curl_exec($this->handle);
$response = $this->response_data;
$this->process_response($response, $options);
// Need to remove the $this reference from the curl handle.
// Otherwise Requests_Transport_cURL wont be garbage collected and the curl_close() will never be called.
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION, null);
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, null);
* Send multiple requests simultaneously
* @param array $requests Request data
* @param array $options Global options
* @return array Array of Requests_Response objects (may contain Requests_Exception or string responses as well)
public function request_multiple($requests, $options) {
// If you're not requesting, we can't get any responses ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
$multihandle = curl_multi_init();
$class = get_class($this);
foreach ($requests as $id => $request) {
$subrequests[$id] = new $class();
$subhandles[$id] = $subrequests[$id]->get_subrequest_handle($request['url'], $request['headers'], $request['data'], $request['options']);
$request['options']['hooks']->dispatch('curl.before_multi_add', array(&$subhandles[$id]));
curl_multi_add_handle($multihandle, $subhandles[$id]);
$request['options']['hooks']->dispatch('curl.before_multi_exec', array(&$multihandle));
$status = curl_multi_exec($multihandle, $active);
while ($status === CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM);
// Read the information as needed
while ($done = curl_multi_info_read($multihandle)) {
$key = array_search($done['handle'], $subhandles, true);
if (!isset($to_process[$key])) {
$to_process[$key] = $done;
// Parse the finished requests before we start getting the new ones
foreach ($to_process as $key => $done) {
$options = $requests[$key]['options'];
if (CURLE_OK !== $done['result']) {
//get error string for handle.
$reason = curl_error($done['handle']);
$exception = new Requests_Exception_Transport_cURL(
Requests_Exception_Transport_cURL::EASY,
$responses[$key] = $exception;
$options['hooks']->dispatch('transport.internal.parse_error', array(&$responses[$key], $requests[$key]));
$responses[$key] = $subrequests[$key]->process_response($subrequests[$key]->response_data, $options);
$options['hooks']->dispatch('transport.internal.parse_response', array(&$responses[$key], $requests[$key]));
curl_multi_remove_handle($multihandle, $done['handle']);
curl_close($done['handle']);
if (!is_string($responses[$key])) {
$options['hooks']->dispatch('multiple.request.complete', array(&$responses[$key], $key));
while ($active || $completed < count($subrequests));
$request['options']['hooks']->dispatch('curl.after_multi_exec', array(&$multihandle));
curl_multi_close($multihandle);
* Get the cURL handle for use in a multi-request
* @param string $url URL to request
* @param array $headers Associative array of request headers
* @param string|array $data Data to send either as the POST body, or as parameters in the URL for a GET/HEAD
* @param array $options Request options, see {@see Requests::response()} for documentation
* @return resource Subrequest's cURL handle
public function &get_subrequest_handle($url, $headers, $data, $options) {
$this->setup_handle($url, $headers, $data, $options);
if ($options['filename'] !== false) {
$this->stream_handle = fopen($options['filename'], 'wb');
$this->response_data = '';
$this->response_bytes = 0;
$this->response_byte_limit = false;
if ($options['max_bytes'] !== false) {
$this->response_byte_limit = $options['max_bytes'];
$this->hooks = $options['hooks'];
* Setup the cURL handle for the given data
* @param string $url URL to request
* @param array $headers Associative array of request headers
* @param string|array $data Data to send either as the POST body, or as parameters in the URL for a GET/HEAD
* @param array $options Request options, see {@see Requests::response()} for documentation
protected function setup_handle($url, $headers, $data, $options) {
$options['hooks']->dispatch('curl.before_request', array(&$this->handle));
// Force closing the connection for old versions of cURL (<7.22).
if ( ! isset( $headers['Connection'] ) ) {
$headers['Connection'] = 'close';
$headers = Requests::flatten($headers);
$data_format = $options['data_format'];
if ($data_format === 'query') {
$url = self::format_get($url, $data);
elseif (!is_string($data)) {
$data = http_build_query($data, null, '&');
switch ($options['type']) {
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_POST, true);
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, $options['type']);
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_NOBODY, true);
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, $options['type']);
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, $options['type']);
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);
// cURL requires a minimum timeout of 1 second when using the system
// DNS resolver, as it uses `alarm()`, which is second resolution only.
// There's no way to detect which DNS resolver is being used from our
// end, so we need to round up regardless of the supplied timeout.
// https://github.com/curl/curl/blob/4f45240bc84a9aa648c8f7243be7b79e9f9323a5/lib/hostip.c#L606-L609
$timeout = max($options['timeout'], 1);
if (is_int($timeout) || $this->version < self::CURL_7_16_2) {
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, ceil($timeout));
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT_MS, round($timeout * 1000));
if (is_int($options['connect_timeout']) || $this->version < self::CURL_7_16_2) {
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, ceil($options['connect_timeout']));
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT_MS, round($options['connect_timeout'] * 1000));
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_REFERER, $url);
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, $options['useragent']);
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $headers);
if ($options['protocol_version'] === 1.1) {
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION, CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_1);
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION, CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_0);
if (true === $options['blocking']) {
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION, array(&$this, 'stream_headers'));
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, array(&$this, 'stream_body'));
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_BUFFERSIZE, Requests::BUFFER_SIZE);
* @param string $response Response data from the body
* @param array $options Request options
* @return string HTTP response data including headers
public function process_response($response, $options) {
if ($options['blocking'] === false) {
$options['hooks']->dispatch('curl.after_request', array(&$fake_headers));
if ($options['filename'] !== false) {
fclose($this->stream_handle);
$this->headers = trim($this->headers);
$this->headers .= $response;
if (curl_errno($this->handle)) {
curl_errno($this->handle),
curl_error($this->handle)
throw new Requests_Exception($error, 'curlerror', $this->handle);
$this->info = curl_getinfo($this->handle);
$options['hooks']->dispatch('curl.after_request', array(&$this->headers, &$this->info));
* Collect the headers as they are received
* @param resource $handle cURL resource
* @param string $headers Header string
* @return integer Length of provided header
public function stream_headers($handle, $headers) {
// Why do we do this? cURL will send both the final response and any
// interim responses, such as a 100 Continue. We don't need that.
// (We may want to keep this somewhere just in case)
if ($this->done_headers) {
$this->done_headers = false;
$this->headers .= $headers;
if ($headers === "\r\n") {
$this->done_headers = true;
* Collect data as it's received
* @param resource $handle cURL resource
* @param string $data Body data
* @return integer Length of provided data
public function stream_body($handle, $data) {
$this->hooks->dispatch('request.progress', array($data, $this->response_bytes, $this->response_byte_limit));
$data_length = strlen($data);
// Are we limiting the response size?
if ($this->response_byte_limit) {
if ($this->response_bytes === $this->response_byte_limit) {
// Already at maximum, move on
if (($this->response_bytes + $data_length) > $this->response_byte_limit) {
$limited_length = ($this->response_byte_limit - $this->response_bytes);
$data = substr($data, 0, $limited_length);
if ($this->stream_handle) {
fwrite($this->stream_handle, $data);
$this->response_data .= $data;
$this->response_bytes += strlen($data);
* Format a URL given GET data
* @param array|object $data Data to build query using, see {@see https://secure.php.net/http_build_query}
* @return string URL with data
protected static function format_get($url, $data) {
$url_parts = parse_url($url);